PEMBANGUNAN INSAN DALAM FALSAFAH PENDIDIKAN KEBANGSAAN (HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN NATIONAL EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY)
Abstract
Pendidikan ialah satu sistem dalam sesebuah kehidupan yang mengandungi aktiviti-aktiviti berkaitan dengan pembentukan dan perkembangan ilmu, kemahiran, kerohanian dan jasmani manusia. Secara umumnya, pendidikan itu hanyalah bentuk-bentuk latihan bagi membentuk diri individu, masyarakat dan negara sesuai dengan realiti dan cabaran semasa. Walau bagaimanapun, pendidikan dalam Islam bukan semata-mata memberi tunjuk ajar kepada masyarakat tetapi meliputi satu proses yang luas. Pendidikan dalam Islam merangkumi segala aspek kehidupan duniawi maupun ukhrawi. Dalam mendidik manusia, Islam mengambil kira hakikat kejadian manusia yang terdiri daripada jasmani, akal dan jiwa, tanpa mengabaikan sebarang bahagian. Dengan itu, Islam mendidik manusia secara menyeluruh - meliputi semua aspek kehidupannya sama ada jasmani, akal dan jiwa atau kehidupan yang bersifat maddi (material) dan maknawi (spiritual). Di Malaysia, matlamat dan hasrat pendidikan itu dapat dilihat dalam pembentukan sebuah falsafah pendidikan. Falsafah Pendidikan Negara (FPN) yang digubal pada tahun 1987 dan dibuat semakan pada tahun 1996 serta telah ditukar namanya kepada Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan (FPK) direncanakan untuk melahirkan warganegara yang mempunyai sahsiah yang baik, seimbang dan sepadu dari segi intelek, rohani, emosi dan jasmani berdasarkan kepada kepercayaan kepada Tuhan. Bukan sekadar FPK malah Falsafah Pendidikan Islam (FPI) juga telah menyokong matlamat FPK dengan menyatakan bahawa dasar kepada pendidikan itu adalah bersumberkan kepada al-Quran dan al-Sunnah. Berdasarkan falsafah ini, maka kurikulum yang direka adalah selaras dengan maksud FPK dan FPI iaitu untuk membentuk, membangun dan mengembangkan potensi individu ke arah pembangunan insan yang seimbang dan harmonis berlandaskan al-Quran dan al- Sunnah.
Kata Kunci: pembangunan insan, falsafah pendidikan kebangsaan, pendidikan Islam
ABSTRACT
Education is a system in a life that contains activities related to the establishment and development of knowledge, skills, spiritual and physical worlds. In general, education is only forms of exercise for forming the individual, society and state in accordance with the realities and challenges. However, education in Islam is not merely provide guidance to the public but covers a broad process. Education in Islam encompasses all aspects of earthly life and the hereafter. In educating people, Muslims consider the fact that the creation of man consists of body, mind and soul, without neglecting any part. Thus, Islam educates people as a whole - covering all aspects of life, whether physical, mind and soul or life of a maddi (material) and the spiritual (spiritual). In Malaysia, the goals and aspirations of the education can be seen in the establishment of an educational philosophy. The Philosophy of Education (FPN), enacted in 1987 and made revisions in 1996 and changed its name to Islamic Education Philosophy (FPK) is planned to produce citizens who have a good personality, balanced and coherent intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically based on the belief in God. Not only FPK even Education Philosophy Islam (FPI) also supports the goals of the basic education is derived from al-Quran and al-Sunnah. Based on this philosophy, the curriculum is designed in accordance with the purpose of FPK and the FPI which is to establish, build and develop the potential of individuals towards the development of a balanced and harmonious based on the al-Quran and al-Sunnah.
Keywords: human development, national education philosophy, Islamic studies
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