AMALAN KAUNSELING SEKOLAH DI UNITED KINGDOM DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESIHATAN MENTAL KANAK-KANAK DAN REMAJA (COUNSELING PRACTICE FOR IMPROVING THE MENTAL HEALTH OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN THE SCHOOLS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM)
Abstract
Remaja kini banyak menghadapi masalah-masalah mental disebabkan faktor-faktor seperti penderaan, perpecahan keluarga, buli dan kehilangan orang tersayang dan perubahan sosial yang lebih meluas. Namun amalan kaunseling di sekolah di beberapa tempat di dunia dalam meningkatkan kesihatan mental kanak-kanak dan remaja masih mencari kaedah terbaik untuk melaksanakannya. Kajian ini menerangkan keadaan amalan kaunseling sekolah yang diaplikasikan di United Kingdom (UK) keatas kanak-kanak dan remaj. Kajian ini merupakan suatu kajian ulasan sistematik. Kajian mendapati tahap amalan kaunseling terbaik perlu bagi menyelesaikan masalah sosial dalam kalangan remaja yang semakin meningkat. Namun, amalan kaunseling sekolah di UK masih lagi kekurangan dalam menyediakan akses perkhidmatan yang baik kepada remaja sekolah. Justeru, faktor yang menjadi galakan kepada amalan kaunseling terbaik adalah seperti latihan profesional untuk kaunselor, keinginan remaja terhadap perkhidmatan kaunseling, penyepaduan perkhidmatan kaunseling sekolah dengan perkhidmatan professional kesihatan mental lain, serta tahap keberkesanan kaunseling sekolah yang holistik. Faktor ini perlu diambil berat bagi menambah baik amalan perkhidmatan kaunseling di sekolah bagi menangani penyakit psikologi yang merebak dalam kalangan remaja.
Kata Kunci: amalan kaunseling terbaik, akses perkhidmatan, penyakit psikologi, kesihatan mental, kanak-kanak dan remaja (CYP)
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, many adolescents are facing various mental problems due to several factors, such as abuse, broken family, bully, loses of loved ones and more extensive social changes. However, the counselling practices in schools around the globe are still looking for the best approach to improve the mental health of children and adolescents. This study describes the counselling practices on children and adolescents in schools in the U.K. This study involves a systematic review. It is found that the best counselling practice is pertinent in solving the proliferating social issues among the adolescents. Despite this fact, the counselling practice in the U.K. is still unable to provide good service access to the adolescents. Hence, several factors identified to encourage best counselling practices include professional trainings for counsellors, adolescents’ desire for counselling services, integration of school counselling services and other professional mental health services, and effectiveness of holistic school counselling. All these factors should be considered to improve the school counselling services as an effort to curb the psychological illnesses among the adolescents.
Keywords: best counselling practice, service access, psychological illnesses, mental health, children and adolescents (CYP)
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