PEMBANGUNAN MODAL INSAN DALAM KALANGAN FAKIR DAN MISKIN SEBAGAI USAHAWAN: KAJIAN KES DI LEMBAGA ZAKAT SELANGOR (HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT AMONG THE POOR AND NEEDY ENTREPRENEURS: A CASE STUDY AT LEMBAGA ZAKAT SELANGOR)
Abstract
Terdapat banyak kajian yang menunjukkan bahawa bidang perniagaan dan keusahawanan bukan sahaja penyumbang kepada peningkatan pendapatan per kapita, malah turut bertindak sebagai perubahan struktur sosial dan masyarakat. Islam juga sangat menggalakkan umatnya menceburkan diri dalam bidang perniagaan dan keusahawanan. Berdasarkan prinsip tersebut, terdapat banyak organisasi seperti Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA), Institut Keusahawanan Negara (INSKEN), kementerian dan badan-badan bukan kerajaan (NGO) yang memberikan fokus kepada pembangunan modal insan sebagai usahawan. Namun, agak kurang kajian mahupun agensi yang memberikan tumpuan terhadap modal insan dalam kalangan fakir dan miskin ini ke arah mentransformasikan mereka sebagai usahawan. Namun, terdapat segelintir dalam kalangan kita yang melihat kekurangan dan ketidakupayaan golongan ini untuk ditransformasikan sebagai usahawan merupakan satu fantasi dan bukanlah realiti. Oleh itu, tujuan utama kajian ini ialah untuk mengenal pasti pendekatan yang dijalankan oleh Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS) dalam membangunkan modal insan dalam kalangan fakir dan miskin seorang usahawan. Golongan fakir dan miskin ini juga dikenali sebagai asnaf. Faktorfaktor yang mendorong asnaf untuk menjadi seorang usahawan dan persepsi mereka terhadap perkhidmatan yang diberikan oleh LZS juga dikaji. Seramai 32 orang asnaf daripada 70 orang yang sedang giat menjadi usahawan dan juga merupakan penerima bantuan zakat di LZS telah dipilih secara pensampelan rawak. Pengumpulan data menggunakan soal selidik berstruktur. Hasil kajian menunjukkan golongan wanita lebih ramai menerima bantuan memulakan perniagaan daripada LZS berbanding lelaki. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan persepsi golongan asnaf terhadap perkhidmatan LZS dalam membangunkan mereka usahawan adalah di tahap yang sangat baik. Beberapa cadangan bagi memperkasakan pembangunan usahawan dalam kalangan fakir dan miskin dikemukakan kepada LZS mahupun institusi-institusi pengurusan zakat yang lain bagi melaksanakan skim bantuan dalam membangunkan usahawan dalam kalangan asnaf ini. Maka jelaslah bahawa pembangunan modal insan dalam kalangan fakir dan miskin merupakan satu yang realiti dan bukanlah fantasi.
Kata Kunci: zakat, fakir, miskin, asnaf, persepsi, usahawan.
Abstract
Various researches have revealed that the field of business and entrepreneurship contributes towards the increase in per capita income and brings about changes in the social and community structure. Islam too encourages its followers to venture into the fields of business and entrepreneurship. Based on this principle, various organizations such as Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA), Institut Keusahawanan Negara (INSKEN), ministries as well as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) focus on the human capital development of entrepreneurs. However, researches nor agencies that focus on the transformation of the poor and needy as entrepreneurs are scarce. There are also perceptions that transforming the poor and needy as entrepreneurs is merely a fantasy and not a reality. Thus, the main aim of this research is to identify the approach undertaken by Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS) in developing the poor and needy who are also known as asnaf, towards becoming entrepreneurs. This study also investigates on the factors that encourage asnafs to become entrepreneurs and their perceptions towards the services rendered by LZS. A total of 32 asnafs out of 70 who practiced actively as entrepreneurs and who were receivers of tithe from LZS were selected based on random sampling. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Findings indicate that more females received assistance from LZS for business in comparison to males. Findings also indicate that the asnafs’ perception towards the services of LZS in developing them as entrepreneurs is at an excellent level. This study thus provides several suggestions to LZS as well as other institutions involved in the management of tithe. The suggestions include the empowerment of entrepreneurship development among the poor and needy and the implementation of schemes that assist in the development of entrepreneurs among the asnafs. Hence, it is clear that the development of human capital among the poor and needy is a reality and not a fantasy.
Keywords: tithe, needy, poor, asnaf, perception, entrepreneur.
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