IMPLEMENTASI DASAR SOSIAL DI MALAYSIA DAN INDONESIA: PERBANDINGAN KONSEP (THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL POLICIES IN MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA: A COMPARISON OF CONCEPTS)

Abstract

ABSTRAK
Pembangunan sosial merupakan sebahagian daripada penyumbang kepada kemajuan negara. Kerangka pembangunan ekonomi yang mendasari kemajuan negara-negara dunia lebih lima dekad yang lalu semakin diselarikan dengan kerangka pembangunan sosial kerana implikasi yang besar ke atas pembangunan manusia dan alam sekitar. Penekanan ke atas pembangunan sosial yang bermula sekitar tahun 1980-an telah dilihat penting demi kelestarian dan kemajuan sesebuah negara. Bentuk dan corak pentadbiran di Malaysia dan Indonesia mempengaruhi pembangunan sosial kedua-dua buah negara. Situasi sosial jauh berbeza berdasarkan jumlah penduduk, perubahan-perubahan yang berlaku dan trend dalam sejarah pembangunan negara. Perbezaan ini wujud disebabkan usahausaha pembasmian kemiskinan yang dilakukan oleh kedua-dua buah negara bergerak pada kadar yang tidak sekata. Pembentukan dasar sosial menjadi bertambah penting untuk mengurus komuniti yang semakin berkembang dan kompleks. Dasar sosial di Malaysia dikenali sebagai Dasar Sosial Negara manakala di Indonesia dikenali sebagai Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional. Dalam melaksanakan perancangan pembangunan sosial, persekitaran semula jadi dalam hubungan di antara pelaksana dasar dan kumpulan sasar adalah sama penting dengan kandungan dasar. Impak dasar sosial dalam pendidikan, kesihatan dan kerjaya, kerapkali bergantung kepada aktiviti yang terlibat dalam kalangan individu dan komuniti. Memberi tumpuan kepada hubungan dan interaksi ini dapat meningkatkan kefahaman impak dasar sosial dalam kalangan komuniti di Malaysia dan Indonesia.

Kata Kunci : asar sosial, pembangunan sosial, impak, Dasar Sosial Negara, Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional.

Abstract

Social development contributes towards the nation’s progress. The framework for economic development had been based on the progress of the world’s nations five decades ago. Today, it is aligned with the framework for social development due to its huge implication towards human and environmental development. The emphasis towards social development which had been initiated in the 1980’s is deemed important for the progress and sustainability of a nation. The administrative patterns of both Malaysia and Indonesia influence the social development of both the countries. The social situations vary in terms of the total population, changes that take place as well as the nation’s historical development. Variations are due to the differing efforts taken by each country in their attempt to eradicate poverty. The formation of the social policy is significant to administer communities which are becoming more complex and advanced. The Malaysian Social Policy is known as the National Social Policy whereas in Indonesia, it is known as The National Social Security System. In implementing social development plans, the relationship between the stakeholder and the target group is as important as the content of the policy. The impact of social policies towards education, health and career are dependent on the type of activities in which an individual or community is involved. Focus on such relationships and interactions are highly potential in upgrading the understanding towards social policies amongst the communities in Malaysia and Indonesia.

Keywords: social policy, social development, impact, National Social Policy, Nasional Social Security System