HUBUNGAN ANTARA FAKTOR DEMOGRAFI TERHADAP FOBIA PENGUCAPAN AWAM DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR POLITEKNIK: SUATU KAJIAN AWAL (RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS TO PUBLIC SPEAKING PHOBIA AMONG POLITECHNIC STUDENTS: A BEGINNING STUDY)

Abstract

Salah satu daripada teras kokurikulum di universiti adalah pengucapan awam. Setelah hampir 30 tahun, institusi pengajian tinggi (IPT) dibenarkan mewujudkan semula sudut pidato khas bagi meningkatkan kemahiran pengucapan awam dalam kalangan mahasiswa. Malangnya status pengucapan awam berada di tangga paling bawah daripada segi jumlah program yang dianjurkan oleh universiti dan penyertaan penuntut. Kajian lepas membuktikan bahawa pengucapan awam merupakan ketakutan pertama dan fobia bagi manusia. Maka, kajian awal ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap fobia pengucapan awam pelajar secara keseluruhan dan mengenal pasti tahap fobia pengucapan awam pelajar di politeknik daripada aspek gender dan latar kelahiran. Kajian turut mengenal pasti sama ada terdapat perbezaan tahap fobia pengucapan awam pelajar daripada aspek gender dan latar kelahiran. Selain itu, kajian menyentuh hubungan antara pelajar daripada aspek kendiri dan pencapaian akademik dengan tahap fobia pengucapan awam pelajar. Seramai 40 orang pelajar bagi subjek Seminar (J5822) di Politeknik Kota Kinabalu telah dipilih secara persampelan rawak mudah. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap fobia pengucapan awam pelajar yang mengikuti kelas Seminar (J5822) adalah amat tinggi. Tahap fobia pelajar perempuan lebih tinggi berbanding pelajar lelaki. Manakala pelajar yang lahir di luar bandar memiliki tahap fobia pengucapan awam yang lebih tinggi berbanding pelajar yang lahir di bandar. Kajian telah menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan secara statistik di antara tahap fobia pengucapan awam pelajar lelaki dan perempuan serta pelajar kelahiran bandar dan luar bandar. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan kekuatan korelasi yang kuat bagi elemen pencapaian akademik (r=.806, p=.000) terhadap tahap fobia pengucapan awam pelajar. Hanya elemen kendiri sahaja memiliki kekuatan korelasi yang sangat lemah. Sehubungan dengan beberapa keputusan – keputusan kajian yang diperoleh, maka implikasi dan cadangan telah dikemukakan.

Kata Kunci: fobia, pengucapan awam, gender, latar kelahiran, pencapaian akademik, kendiri

ABSTRACT

One of the core co-curriculum in the university is public speaking. After almost 30 years, tertiary institutions (IPTs) are allowed to re-establish a special speech angle to enhance public speaking skills among students. Unfortunately, public speaking status is at the very bottom of the total program organized by the university and student participation. Previous studies prove that public speaking is the first fear and phobia for humans. Hence, this initial study was aimed at identifying the level of phobia of public speaking as a whole and identifying the level of phobia of public speaking in polytechnics rather than gender and birth setting. The study also identifies whether there is a difference in the level of phobia of public speaking in terms of gender and birth setting. In addition, the study touches the relationship between students in terms of self-esteem and academic achievement with the level of phobia of public speaking. A total of 40 students for the Seminar subject (J5822) at Kota Kinabalu Polytechnic were chosen by simple random sampling. The findings show that the level of phobia of public speaking in the Seminar class (J5822) is very high. The phobia level of female is higher than male students. While students born in rural areas have higher levels of public speaking phobia than students born in the city. Studies have shown that there are statistically significant differences between levels of phobia of male and female students and students urban and rural. The findings also showed a strong correlation strength for the element of academic achievement (r = .806, p = .000) towards the level of phobia of public speaking. Only self-contained elements have very weak correlation strength. With regard to some of the results of the study, the implications and recommendations have been raised.

Keywords: phobia, public speaking, gender, birth setting, academic achievement, self-esteem