PELAKSANAAN PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN BERASASKAN PENGALAMAN (PBM DAN PBMBP) BAGI MENINGKATKAN KEMAHIRAN INSANIAH PELAJAR (IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING AND PROJECT-ORIENTED PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING TO ENHANCE SOFT SKILLS OF GRADUATES)
Abstract
Kualiti graduan yang dikeluarkan oleh universiti tempatan semakin diperkatakan ternasuklah berkaitan persoalan kebolehpasaran mereka di pasaran kerja serta kebolehan menguasai kemahiran-kemahiran asas insaniah. Mereka dikatakan tidak mampu untuk menunjukkan kebolehan yang sangat diperlukan oleh sektor pekerjaan dan menguasai tahap kemahiran sosial dan akhlak yang berkesan dalam masyarakat. Beberapa faktor dikatakan menjadi penyebab kepada keadaan ini termasuk keterlaluan penumpuan diberikan kepada peperiksaan sistem bertulis dan proses pembelajaran pasif berpusatkan pensyarah. Kedua-dua faktor ini menyebabkan para siswazah tidak dapat menguasai pengetahuan dalam konteks yang bermakna proses pembelajaran yang mereka lalui di peringkat sekolah sehinggalah ke universiti adalah berbentuk "rote learning" atau pembelajaran yang menekanknn kepada kebolehan daya ingatan melebihi daripada kebolehan daya berfikir dan bertindak. Bagi memperbaiki keadaan itu para pensyarah di Pusat Pengajian Kemanusiaan dan Komunikasi, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia telah melaksanakan kaedah PBL (Problem Based Learming-Pembelajaran Berasaskan Masalah) dan POPBL (Project Oriented Problem Based Learning-Pembelajaran Berasaskan Masalah Berorientasikan Projek) dalam proses pengajaran subjek-subjek kemanusiaan kepada pelajar teknikal dan kejuruteraan. Para pelajar bukan sahaja didedahkan kepada kaedah pembelajaran yang aktif dan berpusatkan pelajar bahkan didedahkan dengan pengalaman sebenar dalam masyarakat termasuk membantu para mangsa banjir di Johor sewaktu banjir besar akhir tahun 2006 dan awal 2007. Kajian dan pemerhatian yang dijalankan terhadap pelaksanaan kaedah-kaedah ini mununjukkan bahawa para pelajar menguasai banyak di antara kemahiran-kemahiran insaniah yang amat diperlukan oleh mereka bagi menghadapi alam pekerjaan dan kehidupan selepas tamat belajar.
Kata Kunci: pembelajaran, kemahiran, PBM, PBL, PBMBP, POBBL
ABSTRACT
The quality of graduates from local universities are getting more attention than before. The focus is on their marketability, as well as their ability to master the soft skills required. They are deemed to be incapable of showing mastery of the skills necessary in the working sector, what more the flair in social skills and good disposition in the society. A few causing factors include the high focus on the exam-oriented system and passive learning approach which centralizes on the instructor. Both factors make it difficult for graduates to acquire the knowledge in the desired meaningful context since the approach to learning has always been rote learning which emphasizes more on memorising facts rather than critical thinking and problem solving. In order to address this issue, the instructors in Pusat Pengajian dan Kemanusiaan dan Komunikasi, Unversiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia has implemented the Problem-based Learning (PBL) and Project-oriented Problem-based Learning in the teaching of humanity subjects to technical and engineering students. Students were not only exposed to active learning and student-centered learning, but they were also made to experience the real issues in the society which includes assisting the flood victims in Johor during the big flood in year 2006 and early 2007. The study observed that the students were able to master the soft skills needed to face the work demands after graduation.
Keywords: learning, skills, Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Project-Oriented Problem-Based Learning (POPBL)
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