UPAYA MENDESKRIPSI KATA BAHARU BUKAN ISTILAH: SUATU CADANGAN PERANCANGAN (THE COMPETENCY TO DESCRIBE NEW WORDS (NOT TERMINOLOGIES): A PROPOSAL)
Abstract
Penggunaan kata baharu (bukan istilah) untuk penggunaan harian yang popular di media sosial mampu mewujudkan keadaan tidak tenteram dalam suasana linguistik standard sesuatu bahasa. Hal ini kerana, pelbagai bentuk kata baharu yang muncul dalam media, tidak mempedulikan peraturan dan sistem bahasa sedia ada, sama ada dari aspek sebutan, ejaan, peristilahan, kosa kata, tatabahasa dan laras bahasa. Jika dari satu sudut pandang, fenomena ini dianggap menimbulkan masalah, namun dari satu perspektif yang lain, fenomena ini perlu ditangani dengan bijak. Hal ini kerana, tidak dapat tidak, bahasa memang akan terus berkembang dan hidup, selari dengan sifat kedinamikan bahasa itu sendiri. Selaras dengan hasrat tersebut, maka kertas kerja ini bertujuan mengupaya pendeskripsian kata baharu yang popular di laman sosial. Dengan menjadikan kata baharu ‘kekwat’ sebagai contoh analisis, strategi pendeskripsian kata baharu dipecahkan kepada dua proses utama iaitu proses pemerolehan data dan proses penganalisisan data. Proses pemerolehan data dimulakan dengan mengenal pasti kata baharu yang akan dijadikan data dengan meneliti penggunaan butiran kata dalam laman sosial seperti Facebook, Twitter, Myspace, dan Instagram. Selepas kata-kata tersebut dikenal pasti, setiap kata akan diklasifikasikan kepada tiga kelompok jenis kata yang dianggap sebagai content lexical (kata nama, kata kerja dan kata adjektif). Seterusnya, kata-kata tersebut perlu disahkan belum didokumentasikan dalam sebarang kamus Melayu melalui kaedah proses rujuk silang dengan menggunakan empat (4) kamus rujukan utama, sebelum diselisik datanya daripada pangkalan data korpus WebCorp. Proses penganalisisan data pula dibuat berdasarkan tiga (3) fokus utama, iaitu analisis yang berfokus kepada pola penggunaan, aspek makna, dan mengenal pasti maklumat tambahan berlandaskan teori Prosodi Semantik, yang dijalankan secara janaan komputer iaitu melalui perisian TextSTAT 2.9. Strategi mendeskripsi kata baharu yang dicadangkan dalam kertas kerja ini diharap dapat menjadi pencetus kepada kaedah mengurus kedinamikan kata baharu yang lebih sistematik dan ilmiah, manakala dapatan kajian menerusi tatacara analisis yang dicadangkan pula diharap dapat memperlihatkan ‘rupa paras’ kata baharu yang digunakan.
Kata Kunci: media sosial, kata baharu, korpus, WebCorp, TextSTAT
ABSTRACT
The regular and predominant utilisation of newly-formed words (not terminologies) in social media puts forth a displeasing voice to the standard linguistic setting of a language. This is chiefly due to the fact that the use of these words in the media disregard the prevailing rules and linguistic systems, be they the pronunciation, spelling, terminology, vocabulary, grammar and register. One the one hand, this phenomenon is deemed a thorny linguistic issue, but on the other hand, this should rather be aptly managed. This goes along with the very dynamic nature of a language, which inevitably keeps on developing from time to time. In accordance with the aforesaid premise, the paper aims to obtain the descriptions of the new words which are regularly used in social media. The word ‘kekwat’ was selected as the sample, and the describing strategy was grouped into two main processes, namely data elicitation process and data analysis process. The data elicitation process was initiated by identifying the use of the newly-formed words in the social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, Myspace and Instagram. Subsequently, the identified words were classified into three categories under the umbrella of content lexical (nouns, verbs and adjectives). Following the grouping process, the words were then verified as undocumented in any Malay dictionary by cross-referencing them using four (4) main dictionaries. Next, the data were scrutinised using the WebCorp database. The data analysis process was completed based on three (3) main focuses, i.e. the analysis focusing on the usage pattern, meanings, and identification of additional information resting on the Semantic Prosody theory, which was computed using the TextSTAT 2.9 application. The proposed strategy of description in this paper is thus hoped to bring about a more systematic and scientific approach to manage the dynamism of the newly-formed words. It is also hoped that the findings, based on the analytical procedures may shed some light on how the words are contextually utilised.
Keywords: social media, newly-formed words, corpus, WebCorp, exSTAT
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